Radiometric And Geometric Corrections

- Skewness and Kurtosis are statistical measures used to describe the shape of a distribution and are unitless because they are based on the normalized values of the data.
- Mean is a measure of central tendency, and it has the same unit as the radiance values.
- Standard deviation measures the spread or dispersion of the data, and it also has the same unit as the radiance values.
Step 1: Understanding the measures. - Skewness is used to measure the asymmetry of the distribution of values around the mean.
- Kurtosis is used to measure the "tailedness" or sharpness of the peak of the distribution.
Step 2: Conclusion. Since skewness and kurtosis are dimensionless, they are unitless, making options (A) and (B) the correct answers.
Thus, the correct answer is (A) Skewness, (B) Kurtosis.

The area of an image is inversely proportional to the square of the spatial resolution. Since the spatial resolution of image is 80 m and that of image is 20 m, the ratio of the areas of the two images will be: Thus, image will cover sixteen times the area of image , making option (B) correct.
Since the resolution of image is lower (80 m) compared to (20 m), the minor details will be clearer in image , making option (C) correct.
Step 1: Conclusion
- Image will cover 16 times the area of image , so option (B) is correct.
- Image has a higher resolution, so minor details will be clearer in , making option (C) correct.

Thermal Infrared images are typically captured by remote sensing satellites that are equipped with sensors capable of detecting thermal radiation. The thermal infrared bands are sensitive to heat emitted from the Earth's surface. Among the options, the correct combination is LANDSAT TM and NOAA AVHRR sensors, as they are equipped to capture thermal infrared data. Step 1: Analyzing the options. - Option (A) is incorrect because LANDSAT MSS (Multi-Spectral Scanner) and IRS LISS-II sensors are not typically used for thermal infrared imaging. - Option (B) is incorrect because SPOT and CARTOSAT satellites are generally equipped for visible and near-infrared imaging, not thermal infrared. - Option (C) is incorrect because IKONOS and QUICKBIRD are high-resolution imaging satellites focused on visible and near-infrared bands, not thermal infrared. - Option (D) is correct because both LANDSAT TM (Thematic Mapper) and NOAA AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) sensors are capable of capturing thermal infrared images. Thus, the correct answer is (D).