Heredity And Evolution

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Gregor Johann Mendel conducted groundbreaking experiments in the mid-19th century that laid the foundation for our understanding of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Mendel worked with pea plants (\textit{Pisum sativum}) and formulated the Laws of Inheritance (Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment). For this reason, he is universally recognized as the Father of Genetics.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (b).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Genetic information is organized into a hierarchy of structures within the nucleus of a cell.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
A Gene is a specific segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein or trait. While chromosomes are large structures that carry many genes, the individual "unit" of inheritance that determines a specific characteristic is the gene.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (c).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
DNA is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. It is a polymer made of repeating units called nucleotides.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The name comes from the type of sugar molecule it contains (Deoxyribose) and its location and chemical nature (Nucleic Acid). It carries the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (a).