Life Processes

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Photosynthesis is an anabolic process where light energy is converted into chemical energy stored in organic compounds.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The chemical equation for photosynthesis is: $ C_6H_{12}O_6$ is Glucose, which is the primary food/product. Oxygen is released as a byproduct.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (b).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Stomata are tiny pores located on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange and transpiration. Their opening and closing must be tightly controlled to prevent excessive water loss.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Each stoma is flanked by two kidney-shaped (in dicots) or dumb-bell shaped (in monocots) Guard cells. When water flows into these cells, they swell and become turgid, causing the pore to open. When they lose water, they become flaccid and the pore closes.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (a).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make their own food using sunlight. This requires specific organelles containing light-absorbing pigments.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that contain the green pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll traps solar energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (c).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The kidney filters waste from the blood. This filtration happens across millions of tiny microscopic structures that perform the actual work of excretion.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The Nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons which filter blood, reabsorb useful substances, and form urine. (A neuron is for the nervous system; alveoli are for the lungs).
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (b).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Blood consists of plasma and blood cells. Red Blood Cells (RBCs) contain a specific iron-rich protein that has a high affinity for gases.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Hemoglobin binds with oxygen in the lungs to form oxyhemoglobin. It then travels through the bloodstream to deliver this oxygen to all the tissues and cells of the body for cellular respiration.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (b).