Control Statements

Step 1: Understand the working of the while loop.
The variable is initially assigned the value . The loop continues as long as . In each iteration, the value of is decreased by .
Step 2: Identify the three parts needed in a for loop.
A \texttt{for} loop contains initialization, condition, and updation in one statement. Here:
Initialization:
Condition:
Updation:
Step 3: Rewrite the loop in for loop form.
So, the equivalent \texttt{for} loop becomes:

Step 4: Write the final rewritten program.
Hence, the required program segment using a \texttt{for} loop is:

Step 1: Write the initial value of .
Initially,
Step 2: Understand the working of the \texttt{do-while} loop.
In a \texttt{do-while} loop, the statements inside the loop are executed first, and only after that the condition is checked. So the loop will run at least one time.
Step 3: Execute the loop step by step.
First iteration:
So, is printed. Since , the loop continues.
Second iteration:
So, is printed. Since , the loop continues.
Third iteration:
So, is printed. Now is false, so the loop stops.
Step 4: Write the output.
Hence, the output is:
\texttt{3}
\texttt{5}
\texttt{7}
Step 5: Count the number of loop executions.
The loop is executed times.

Step 1: Recall how factorial is calculated.
The factorial of a number is obtained by multiplying all positive integers from that number down to . For example,
Step 2: Identify the mistake in the given program.
In the given code, the variable \texttt{f} is initialized as \texttt{0}. Then the statement \texttt{f *= P} means:
Since starts with , every multiplication will remain . Therefore, the program will not calculate the factorial correctly.
Step 3: Write the correct initialization.
To calculate factorial, the multiplication should start from , not . So the correct initialization is:
\texttt{int P, n = 5, f = 1;}
Step 4: Trace the corrected program.
Now the loop works as follows:
Step 5: Write the corrected program and answer.
The corrected program is:
\texttt{int P, n = 5, f = 1;}
\texttt{for (P = n; P>0; P--)}
\texttt{\{}
\texttt{\ \ \ \ f *= P;}
\texttt{\}}
\texttt{System.out.println(f);}
So, the output will be:

Step 1: Understand the condition.
The user is eligible only when age is greater than . So the condition is:
Step 2: Use the ternary operator.
A ternary operator in Java has the form:
If the condition is true, the first message is stored; otherwise, the second message is stored.
Step 3: Write the required Java code.
The required code is:
\texttt{String idStatus = (age>10) ? "Eligible" : "Not Eligible";}
\texttt{System.out.println(idStatus);}
Step 4: Explain the result.
If the age is more than , the program prints \texttt{"Eligible"}. Otherwise, it prints \texttt{"Not Eligible"}.