Operators

Step 1: Write the given values.
We are given:
Step 2: Apply the pre-increment and pre-decrement operators.
In Java, means first increase by , then use its value. So:
Similarly, and .
Step 3: Substitute the updated values into the expression.
Now the expression becomes:
Step 4: Perform multiplication and modulus.
First multiply:
Now find modulus:
Step 5: Add the remaining terms.
Now,

Step 1: Evaluate the expression using Java rules.
In Java, when both operands of division are integers, integer division is performed. This means the decimal part is discarded.
So, Now substitute this value into the expression: Hence, the Assertion (A) is true.
Step 2: Check the operator precedence in Java.
According to the operator precedence rules in Java, division is performed before addition, not the other way round.
So in the expression first is evaluated, and after that is added.
Therefore, the statement given in the Reason that addition is done first followed by division is incorrect.
Step 3: Analyze Assertion and Reason together.
Let us compare both statements carefully:

• Assertion (A): True, because in integer division, and .
• Reason (R): False, because Java follows precedence where division is done before addition.

So, the Assertion is correct, but the Reason is wrong.
Step 4: Choose the correct option.
The option that correctly matches this situation is:
Final Answer:(A) Assertion is true and Reason is false.

Step 1: Understand the function Math.pow(a,b).
The function Math.pow(a,b) returns the value of , that is, the first argument raised to the power of the second argument.
Here, the statement is: Step 2: Evaluate the expression .
In Java, when both numbers are integers, integer division is performed. Since and are both integers: The fractional part is discarded. So the statement becomes: Step 3: Calculate the power.
Now, Since Math.pow() returns a double value, the output will be: Step 4: Note about the given options.
By Java rules, the mathematically correct output of Math.pow(36, 6/5) is 36.0.
So:

• (A) 36.0 is the correct output.
• (D) 6.0 would be incorrect for this exact Java statement.

Final Answer: .

Step 1: Understand the function \texttt{Character.toUpperCase('b')}.
The function \texttt{Character.toUpperCase('b')} converts the lowercase character \texttt{'b'} into its uppercase form. So: Thus, the character obtained is \texttt{'B'}.
Step 2: Find the ASCII value of the character.
In Java, when a character is used in an arithmetic expression, it is automatically converted into its ASCII (or Unicode) integer value. The ASCII value of: So now the expression becomes:
Step 3: Perform the addition.
Now add 2 to 66: So the output printed by the statement will be:
Step 4: Compare with the given options.

• (A) 66: Incorrect. This is only the ASCII value of \texttt{'B'} before adding 2.
• (B) 100: Incorrect. This does not match the evaluated result.
• (C) 68: Correct. This is the final value after converting \texttt{'b'} to \texttt{'B'} and adding 2.
• (D) 98: Incorrect. This is the ASCII value of lowercase \texttt{'b'}, not the final result.

Therefore, the correct output is 68.
Final Answer:68.