Genetics

Step 1: Identifying the number of heterozygous loci.
The plant's genotype is AABbCc. In this case: - AA is homozygous, so it can only produce one type of allele (A). - Bb is heterozygous, so it can produce two types of alleles (B and b). - Cc is heterozygous, so it can produce two types of alleles (C and c).

Step 2: Calculating the number of genetically different gametes.
The number of different types of gametes produced depends on the number of heterozygous loci, because each heterozygous locus can produce two types of alleles.

- For gene A (AA): Only one type of allele, A, is possible.

- For gene B (Bb): Two types of alleles, B and b, are possible.

- For gene C (Cc): Two types of alleles, C and c, are possible.

The total number of genetically different gametes can be calculated by multiplying the number of possibilities for each locus:

Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, the total number of genetically different types of gametes produced is 4. Therefore, the correct answer is 4.

Step 1: Understanding the genetic inheritance of colour blindness.
Colour blindness is an X-linked recessive trait. In a colour-blind woman, the genotype is X X , where X represents the X chromosome carrying the colour-blind allele. The man, being normal, will have the genotype X Y, where X represents the normal X chromosome and Y is the male sex chromosome.

Step 2: Genetic inheritance for a son.
Sons inherit their X chromosome from their mother and their Y chromosome from their father. Since the mother is colour-blind (X X ), she can only pass on the X chromosome. The father, being normal, will pass on the Y chromosome. Thus, the son will inherit X Y, making him colour-blind.

Step 3: Conclusion.
Since the son will always inherit the X chromosome from his colour-blind mother, he will be colour-blind. Therefore, the chance that their boy child will be colour-blind is 100%. The correct answer is 100.

The Linnaean system classifies living organisms into hierarchical ranks:

This taxonomy reflects increasing specificity from Kingdom to Genus

Polyploidy involves an organism having multiple sets of chromosomes.
- Autopolyploids originate from chromosome duplication within a single species.
- Allopolyploids arise from hybridization between two species

Cytoplasmic inheritance involves genes in organelles like mitochondria, which are inherited maternally. All offspring inherit the mother’s cytoplasmic traits.

The frequencies of the genotypes are:

Frequency of RR = ,

Frequency of Rr = ,

Frequency of rr = .

The frequency of the r allele (q) can be calculated using the formula:

Thus, the frequency of the r allele is 20%.

The frequency of double crossovers is the product of individual recombination frequencies:
Double crossover frequency

Lotic ecosystems involve flowing water, such as rivers and streams. Lakes and ponds are lentic (standing water) ecosystems.