Glucose

To find the ∆G´ value of the formation of glucose-6-phosphate from glucose and ATP, we use the known ∆G´ values of ATP hydrolysis and glucose-6-phosphate hydrolysis. According to thermodynamics, the ∆G´ for the formation reaction is given by adding the ∆G´ values for the two independent reactions that approximate the overall process:

1. ATP hydrolysis: ATP → ADP + Pi, ∆G´ = -32.34 kJ/mol

2. Glucose-6-phosphate hydrolysis: Glucose-6-phosphate → Glucose + Pi, ∆G´ = -13.18 kJ/mol

The reverse reaction for forming glucose-6-phosphate from glucose and Pi is thus glucose + ATP → glucose-6-phosphate + ADP.

For the combined reaction (net reaction): glucose + Pi → glucose-6-phosphate (reverse of step 2) and then combine it with: ATP → ADP + Pi:

Glucose + ATP → Glucose-6-phosphate + ADP

∆G´ for this reaction = -∆G´ of step 2 - ∆G´ of step 1 = 13.18 kJ/mol - 32.34 kJ/mol = -19.16 kJ/mol.

Thus, the ∆G´ value for the formation of glucose-6-phosphate from glucose and ATP is -19.16 kJ/mol.

The result (-19.16 kJ/mol) is exactly within the given range of 19.16,19.16.

The calculation confirms the reaction’s feasibility and ensures the proper coupling of reactions to achieve the desired metabolic outcome, reflecting the efficient use of ATP energy in biological systems.