Vitamins

Step 1: Understanding Vitamin Functions.
- Vitamin B1 (P), also known as Thiamine, functions with the co-enzyme thiamine pyrophosphate. - 4

- Vitamin B2 (Q), also known as Riboflavin, is a precursor for the coenzyme flavin mononucleotide (FMN). - 2

- Vitamin B5 (R), also known as Pantothenic acid, is a precursor to co-enzyme A. - 1

- Vitamin B6 (S), also known as Pyridoxine, is converted into pyridoxal phosphate, which acts as a coenzyme in amino acid metabolism. - 3

Step 2: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (D) P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3, as this correctly matches each vitamin with its associated coenzyme.

Step 1: Understanding the deficiencies and their associated vitamins.
- Beriberi is caused by a deficiency in Thiamine (Vitamin B1).

- Scurvy is caused by a deficiency in Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).

- Birth defects are often related to a lack of Folic acid (Vitamin B9).

- Night blindness is caused by a deficiency in Retinol (Vitamin A).

Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4: Incorrect — The correct pairings do not match here.
(B) P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1: Incorrect — The vitamin pairings are wrong.
(C) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2: Correct — This correctly matches the deficiency conditions to their vitamins: - P (Beriberi) → Thiamine - Q (Scurvy) → Ascorbic acid - R (Birth defects) → Folic acid - S (Night blindness) → Retinol
(D) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4: Incorrect — This pairing is incorrect.

Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (C) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2.

Golden Rice is genetically engineered to contain β-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A, addressing vitamin A deficiency. It does not affect vitamin D or K levels.