Nucleophilic And Electrophilic Substitution Reactions Both Aromatic And Aliphatic

Step 1: Understanding the reaction.
This reaction involves the use of sodium amide (NaNH ) and ammonia (NH ) in the presence of a chlorinated compound. Sodium amide is a strong nucleophile and will replace the chlorine atom in the chlorinated compound, leading to the formation of an amine. The reaction leads to the formation of a hydrazine (H N-NH ) derivative.
Step 2: Conclusion.
The correct product formed is hydrazine, corresponding to option (B).

Step 1: Analyze the reaction.
In this reaction, meta-chloroperbenzoic acid is likely undergoing an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, where the aromatic ring is being oxidized by the peracid. This typically results in an oxygen-containing substituent. The methyl groups (Me) remain unchanged during the reaction.
Step 2: Identifying the product.
The reaction is expected to produce an ester or ether, depending on the structure of the reactant. Based on the electron-donating nature of the methyl groups, the major product would involve the formation of an ether.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct major product is an ether with a structure similar to option (B).

Step 1: Understanding the complexes.
In these complexes, pyridine substitutes chloride ions. The rate of substitution is influenced by the electron-donating ability of the ligands and the steric hindrance around the metal center.
Step 2: Analyzing the trend.
Complex (IV) has the least steric hindrance and the highest electron-donating ability, making it the fastest in substitution. Complex (I) has more steric hindrance and lower electron donation, making it the slowest in substitution.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct trend in the rate of substitution is , corresponding to option (D).