Reaction Mechanisms Synthesis

Step 1: Analyze the reaction sequence.
- Step 1 (Li, NH ): This will likely reduce the alkyl halide (OMe group in the reactant) to form an alkyl anion.
- Step 2 (O ): Ozone reacts with the alkyl anion to form a ketone or aldehyde.
- Step 3 (NaBH ): Sodium borohydride will reduce the aldehyde or ketone to an alcohol.
- Step 4 (TsCl, pyridine): This introduces a tosyl group to the alcohol, converting it into a tosylate.
- Step 5 (LiAlH ): Lithium aluminum hydride will reduce the tosylate back to an alcohol, completing the reaction.
Step 2: Conclusion.
The compound formed as an intermediate is (B). Intermediate 2 forms during the reaction sequence.

Step 1: Analyzing the reaction.
The reaction involves the halide (Cl) being substituted with the ethoxide ion ( ) in the presence of a base, likely in an SN2 mechanism, where the ethoxide ion attacks the carbon bonded to the chloride. The reaction also involves isotopically labeled carbon, which will help trace the position of the substitution.
Step 2: Understanding the mechanism.
In an SN2 reaction, the nucleophile (ethoxide) directly attacks the electrophilic carbon (the carbon bonded to Cl), resulting in the substitution of Cl with the ethoxide group. The isotopically labeled carbon will also be incorporated into the product. This results in the major products being the alkoxide (OEt) and the ethoxy group ( ) attached to the carbon.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The major products are therefore and , corresponding to option (B).

Step 1: Understanding the enzyme’s function.
Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. The enzyme contains a zinc ion (Zn ) at its active site. The metal ion is crucial for the enzyme's catalytic function. The nucleophile in the enzyme is an activated hydroxyl group (M-OH).
Step 2: Conclusion.
The correct statements are (B) and (C).