Literature

(i) Mystery of Bartholomew's murder:
In The Sign of Four, the murder of Bartholomew Sholto leads Holmes to Jonathan Small:
- Crime scene analysis: Holmes finds a poisoned dart and a footprint with a wooden leg mark at Bartholomew's murder scene, indicating an accomplice and a specific killer.
- Agra treasure link: The theft of the treasure from Bartholomew's home connects to Major Sholto's past, implicating Small, a convict tied to the treasure.
- Motive: Holmes deduces Small's desire to reclaim the treasure, stolen by Sholto, drove the murder, leading him to pursue Small.
Example: The wooden leg footprint points to Small's accomplice, Tonga, guiding Holmes to Small.

(ii) Tracking down Small:
Holmes tracks Jonathan Small by:
- Deduction: Using the footprint and dart, Holmes identifies Small's accomplice, Tonga, and links Small to the Agra treasure.
- Investigation: He interviews witnesses (e.g., Mrs. Smith) to trace Small's boat, the *Aurora*.
- Pursuit: Holmes and Watson chase the *Aurora* on the Thames with police, capturing Small after a dramatic boat chase.
Example: Holmes uses a dog to track Small's scent to the river, confirming his escape route.

(i) Mr. Fogg and Aouda's relationship:
In Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne, Phileas Fogg and Aouda share a relationship that evolves from duty to love:
- Initial rescue: Fogg saves Aouda from sati in India, showing his principled nature but maintaining emotional reserve.
- Mutual respect: Aouda admires Fogg's calm determination, while he values her courage and gratitude, treating her with courtesy.
- Growing affection: During their global journey, Aouda's care for Fogg (e.g., tending to him after attacks) fosters closeness. By the end, their bond deepens, leading to marriage.
Example: Aouda's proposal to Fogg in London reflects their mutual devotion.

(ii) Sherlock Holmes and the pearls:
In The Sign of Four by Arthur Conan Doyle, Holmes discovers the connection between Miss Morstan's pearls and Major Sholto through:
- Observation: Miss Morstan receives a pearl annually since her father's disappearance, suggesting a link to a hidden motive.
- Deduction: Holmes learns Major Sholto was Captain Morstan's friend, involved with the Agra treasure. Sholto's deathbed guilt implies he sent pearls to Morstan's daughter as atonement for withholding her share.
- Evidence: Holmes connects the pearls' timing to Sholto's wealth and death, confirming his involvement.
Example: The pearls' anonymous delivery is traced to Sholto's attempt to ease his conscience.

(i) Change in students' behaviour:
In To Sir, With Love, Ricky Braithwaite, a black teacher in a tough London school, transforms his students' behaviour by:
- Building respect: He insists on being addressed as "Sir" and treats students as adults, using respectful titles (e.g., "Miss" or "Mr."), fostering mutual respect.
- Engaging teaching: He abandons rigid curricula, teaching practical life skills like budgeting and relationships, making lessons relevant.
- Addressing prejudice: Facing racial hostility, he remains calm and professional, earning trust by showing empathy and fairness (e.g., handling Denham's boxing challenge).
Example: His approach turns rebellious students like Pamela Dare into cooperative learners, improving classroom discipline.

(ii) Cultural exposure:
Braithwaite enhances cultural exposure by:
- Discussions: He introduces debates on social issues (e.g., race, gender), broadening students' perspectives.
- Outings: He organizes trips to museums and theaters, exposing students to art and history outside their East End environment.
- Real-world connections: He invites guest speakers and relates lessons to current events, encouraging critical thinking.
Example: A museum visit helps students appreciate cultural heritage, enriching their worldview.

(i) Match:

- Murasaki Shikibu wrote The Tale of Genji, a classic Japanese novel.
- Jonathan Swift authored Gulliver's Travels, a satirical adventure.
- John Bunyan wrote The Pilgrim's Progress, an allegorical Christian work.
- Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote Rajmohan's Wife, an early Indian English novel.

(ii) Odd word out:
(a) Henry Fielding: Amit Ghosh, Vikram Seth, and Anita Desai are Indian authors; Henry Fielding is British.
(b) novella: Plot, setting, and theme are narrative elements; novella is a form of fiction.
(c) epistolary: Place, time, and climate are setting components; epistolary is a narrative style (letter-based).
(d) picaresque: Horror, mystery, and thriller are modern genres; picaresque is a historical narrative style about a rogue's adventures.