Hinduism

**Statement 1 is correct:** The Siddhas (Sittars) of the Tamil region were indeed monotheistic. They believed in a single ultimate reality and often rejected the traditional Hindu practices of idol worship and elaborate temple rituals. **Statement 2 is correct:** The Lingayats of the Kannada region challenged the established social order. - They did not subscribe to the concept of rebirth within the caste system. - They emphasized equality and rejected the rigidities of the caste system. Therefore, both statements are correct. Hence, option C is the correct Answer.

Out of the listed pairs, the following are correctly matched: **2. Khajuraho - Bundelkhand (Correct).** **5. Tirupati - Rayalaseema (Correct).** Incorrectly matched pairs: **1. Bodhgaya - Baghelkhand (Incorrect).** Bodhgaya lies in the Magadh region of Bihar, not Baghelkhand (which is in Madhya Pradesh). **3. Shirdi - Vidarbha (Incorrect).** Shirdi is located in Ahilyanagar district (formerly Ahmednagar) in western Maharashtra, not in Vidarbha. **4. Nasik (Nashik) - Malwa (Incorrect).** Nashik is in the northwest region of Maharashtra, not Malwa, which is located in Madhya Pradesh.

Ramanuja believed in qualified non-dualism (Vishishtadvaita), where the individual soul (atman) and God (Brahman) coexist in a qualified oneness. Qualified Non-dualism (Vishishtadvaita): This is the core concept in Ramanuja's philosophy. It contrasts with the strict non-dualism (Advaita) of Adi Shankara. While both acknowledge an ultimate reality, Ramanuja argues for a qualified oneness, where the individual soul (atman) and God (Brahman) exist in a dependent relationship. God's supremacy: Ramanuja emphasized the concept of a personal God, often identified with Vishnu, who is both immanent (present within the world) and transcendent (beyond the world). Path to salvation: Liberation (moksha) is achieved through devotion (bhakti) to God and his grace.