Global Warming

**Statement 1 is correct:** At such high temperatures, tipping points like widespread forest dieback and permafrost thaw would release vast amounts of stored carbon, causing the land to emit more carbon than it absorbs. **Statement 2 is correct:** Scientific consensus indicates that even at 2°C of warming, over 99% of coral reefs are expected to be lost. A 3°C rise would ensure their catastrophic and widespread collapse. **Statement 3 is incorrect:** The word "All" is an extreme overstatement. While many wetlands would be severely damaged or lost, it is not scientifically plausible that every single one would disappear permanently. **Statement 4 is incorrect:** The term "anywhere" is an exaggeration. While global food production would be devastated, cultivation would not become impossible everywhere; it might shift to new, higher-latitude regions.

The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol is a globally recognized framework for measuring, managing, and reporting greenhouse gas emissions. It was developed through a collaboration between the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) to ensure a standardized and transparent approach to GHG accounting. The protocol helps businesses, governments, and organizations track their emissions consistently, facilitating accurate comparisons across sectors and regions. By providing clear guidelines for carbon accounting, it plays a crucial role in climate action strategies, regulatory compliance, and corporate sustainability efforts worldwide.

**Statement 1 is correct:** The GCCA was established by the European Union to enhance climate cooperation with developing nations, particularly Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS). **Statement 2 is correct:** A core objective of the GCCA is to provide technical and financial assistance to developing countries, helping them integrate climate change adaptation and mitigation into their national policies, development strategies, and budgets. **Statement 3 is incorrect:** The GCCA is coordinated by the European Commission through its established political dialogue and cooperation mechanisms. It is not managed by the World Resources Institute (WRI) or the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).

The term 'Social Cost of Carbon' is a measure of the economic damages, in dollars, that would result from emitting one additional ton of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It is used to value the climate impacts of rulemakings and helps policymakers understand the economic impacts of decisions that would increase or decrease emissions. Therefore, it is best described as the long-term damage done by a tonne of carbon dioxide emissions in a given year.

**Statement 1 is correct.** The CLIMATE GROUP is an international non-profit organization founded in 2003, with offices in London, New York, New Delhi, Amsterdam, and Beijing. Its mission is to drive rapid climate action. This group builds and runs networks. **Statement 2 is incorrect.** EP100 is a global initiative led by The Climate Group and the Alliance to Save Energy (not by the International Energy Agency). **Statement 3 is correct.** The Climate Group's global EP100 initiative brings together a growing cohort of energy-smart companies committed to improving their energy productivity and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By incorporating ambitious energy targets into their business strategies, leading companies are fostering innovation in energy efficiency, enhancing competitiveness, and achieving emissions reduction goals. **Statement 4 is correct.** EP100 has a global reach, with member companies operating in over 130 markets worldwide. India's Mahindra Group is among the frontrunners in the ongoing efforts to decrease energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions by transitioning to renewable energy sources. **Statement 5 is incorrect.** The Climate Group serves as the Secretariat for the Under2 Coalition and collaborates with governments to expedite climate action through four main workstreams - Pathways, - Policy Action, - Transparency, and - Diplomacy.

The Climate Action Tracker (CAT) is an independent scientific analysis that tracks government climate action and measures it against the globally agreed Paris Agreement aim of holding warming well below 2C, and pursuing efforts to limit warming to 1.5C. A collaboration of two organisations, Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, the CAT has been providing this independent analysis to policymakers since 2009. CAT quantifies and evaluates climate change mitigation targets, policies, and actions. It also aggregates country action to the global level, determining likely temperature increases during the 21st century using the MAGICC climate model. CAT further develops sectoral analysis to illustrate the required pathways for meeting the global temperature goals.

* Carbon markets, which include mechanisms like cap-and-trade systems and carbon offsets, are increasingly being used as a tool to incentivize emissions reductions and help in the fight against climate change. **So, statement 1 is true.** * Carbon markets typically work by transferring resources from emitters (usually in the private sector) to entities that can reduce or remove greenhouse gas emissions, which can be either private entities or the government. **So, statement 2 can also be true.**