Defence Equipment Of India

**Statement 1 is correct:** Agni-IV is indeed a surface-to-surface missile. It is designed to launch from land-based mobile platforms and strike targets on the ground. **Statement 2 is incorrect:** Agni-IV is a two-stage, solid-fueled missile. It does not rely on liquid propellants. **Statement 3 is also incorrect:** The reported range of Agni-IV is around 4,000 km, not 7,500 km. Additionally, its payload capacity is estimated to be around 1,000 kg (one tonne), but its specific warhead capabilities are not publicly disclosed. 

INS Astradharini is an indigenously built torpedo launch and recovery vessel for the Indian Navy.

* **Neither of the statements about ballistic missiles and cruise missiles is accurate.** * **Ballistic missiles**: These are rocket-powered weapons that follow a high, arcing trajectory after a brief powered ascent. They travel at supersonic speeds throughout most of their flight due to inertia. * **Cruise missiles**: These are jet-propelled weapons that fly at relatively low altitudes and can manoeuvre throughout their flight path. They can be subsonic, supersonic, or hypersonic depending on the design. * **Agni-V**: This is a long-range intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) developed by India. It is not a medium-range cruise missile. * **BrahMos**: This is a supersonic cruise missile jointly developed by India and Russia. It is not a solid-fueled ICBM. BrahMos uses a ramjet engine for sustained supersonic flight after a booster rocket launch. 

Fifth-generation fighter aircraft are characterized by advanced stealth, superior agility, advanced avionics, and integrated computer systems. Let's consider the aircraft listed: 1. **Rafael (Rafale):** This is a 4.5 generation multirole fighter aircraft developed by Dassault Aviation. 2. **MiG-29:** This is a fourth-generation multirole fighter aircraft developed by Mikoyan in the Soviet Union. 3. **Tejas MK-1:** This is a fourth-generation light multirole fighter aircraft developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in India. _None of the above aircraft are considered fifth-generation fighter aircraft._

✅ **Pair I: Dornier-228 : Maritime patrol aircraft — Correct** Dornier-228 is used by Indian Navy & Coast Guard for maritime patrol and surveillance. ❌ **Pair II: IL-76 : Supersonic combat aircraft — Incorrect** IL-76 is a heavy military transport aircraft, not supersonic or combat. ✅ **Pair III: C-17 Globemaster III : Military transport aircraft — Correct** C-17 is a strategic military transport aircraft used by the Indian Air Force. **Therefore, only pairs I and III are correct.**

**Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)** are aircraft systems operated without a human pilot onboard. Their capabilities depend on **design type** (like fixed-wing, multirotor, or hybrid) and **power source**. ❌ **I. Vertical landing** – Only **VTOL and multirotor drones** can do vertical landings. **Fixed-wing UAVs cannot.** ❌**II. Automated hovering** – Only **multirotor drones** and advanced hybrids can hover. **Fixed-wing UAVs cannot hover at all.** ❌ **III. Battery-only power** – **Not all UAVs use batteries.** Larger ones may use **fuel, hybrid, or solar power**. **None of the statements** are correct.

**CL-20, HMX, and LLM-105** are chemical substances known for their use as **high-energy explosives** in military weapons. * ✅**CL-20:** A powerful explosive with high energy density. * ✅ **HMX:** A well-known military explosive used in various munitions. * ✅ **LLM-105:** A newer explosive with similar high performance. **All three** are explosives used in military weapons.