Biochemistry

Step 1: Polypeptide Bond Formation.
A polypeptide bond is formed during protein synthesis when the carboxyl group ( ) of one amino acid reacts with the amino group ( ) of another amino acid. This reaction leads to the elimination of a water molecule (dehydration) and the formation of a covalent bond called a peptide bond.
Step 2: Example.
For example, when glycine ( ) reacts with alanine ( ), a peptide bond is formed, resulting in the dipeptide glycine-alanine and the release of water.

Step 1: What is DNA Fingerprinting?
DNA fingerprinting is a molecular biology technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA profiles. It is a technique that compares specific regions of the DNA sequence that are highly variable among individuals.
Step 2: Uses of DNA Fingerprinting.
- Forensic Science: It is widely used in criminal investigations to match biological samples (blood, hair, etc.) to suspects.
- Paternity Testing: DNA fingerprinting can confirm biological relationships between individuals, such as parent-child relationships.
- Genetic Studies: It helps in mapping genetic diseases and identifying the genetic makeup of individuals or populations.
- Identification: It is used in identifying individuals in cases of missing persons, immigration, and animal identification.