Industrial Chemistry

Step 1: Principle of Haber’s process.
The Haber process is an industrial method used for synthesizing ammonia (NH₃) from nitrogen (N₂) and hydrogen (H₂) gases. The principle involves the direct combination of nitrogen and hydrogen under high temperature (400-500°C), high pressure (200-300 atm), and the presence of a catalyst (typically iron) to produce ammonia. The balanced chemical equation for the Haber process is: Step 2: Reaction with CuSO solution.
Ammonia reacts with copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄) solution to form a deep blue complex. The reaction is as follows: This reaction forms the complex ion , which is responsible for the characteristic blue color.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Ammonia is synthesized using the Haber process, and it reacts with copper(II) sulfate solution to form a blue complex, indicating the presence of ammonia.

Step 1: Understand the Contact Process.
In the Contact Process, the catalyst used is Vanadium(V) oxide ( ). This catalyst helps in the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide.
Step 2: Understand the Ostwald Process.
In the Ostwald Process, the catalyst used is Platinum or Platinum-Rhodium alloy. This catalyst is used for the oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide.
Final Answer: For the Contact Process: Vanadium(V) oxide ( )
For the Ostwald Process: Platinum or Platinum-Rhodium alloy
Final Answer: