Labour Law

Step 1: Verifying the Enactment Year of Labour Laws:
The question asks to identify the incorrectly matched Act and its year of enactment.

Step 2: Checking Each Match:


Maternity Benefit Act - 1961: This is a correct match. The Act regulates the employment of women in certain establishments for a certain period before and after child-birth and provides for maternity benefit.
Trade Union Act - 1926: This is a correct match. This Act provides for the registration of Trade Unions and in certain respects to define the law relating to registered Trade Unions.
Minimum Wages Act - 1948: This is a correct match. This Act provides for fixing minimum rates of wages in certain employments.
Payment of Bonus Act - 1971: This is an incorrect match. The Payment of Bonus Act, which provides for the payment of bonus to persons employed in certain establishments, was enacted in the year 1965, not 1971.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The incorrect match is the Payment of Bonus Act- 1971.

Step 1: Verifying the Enactment Year of Labour Laws:
The question asks to identify the incorrectly stated year of enactment for the given labour laws.

Step 2: Checking Each Act:


Minimum Wages Act: This is a very important piece of labour legislation in India. It was enacted in the year 1948, not 1972. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
Equal Remuneration Act: This Act provides for the payment of equal remuneration to men and women workers for the same work or work of a similar nature. It was enacted in 1976. This statement is correct.
Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act: This Act was enacted to regulate the employment of inter-state migrant workmen and to provide for their conditions of service. It was enacted in 1979. This statement is correct.
Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act: This Act was enacted to regulate the employment of contract labour in certain establishments and to provide for its abolition in certain circumstances. It was enacted in 1970. This statement is correct.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The statement that is not correct is "Minimum Wage Act 1972", as the correct year is 1948.

Step 1: Understanding the National Commission on Labour:
The Government of India has constituted National Commissions on Labour to review the labour laws and suggest improvements.

Step 2: Identifying the Year of the First Commission:
The First National Commission on Labour was set up on 24th December 1966 under the chairmanship of Justice P.B. Gajendragadkar. The commission submitted its report in 1969, providing a comprehensive review of the labour situation and making numerous recommendations on wages, social security, industrial relations, and working conditions.
The Second National Commission on Labour was set up in 1999 under the chairmanship of Ravindra Varma and submitted its report in 2002.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The First National Commission on Labour was appointed in 1966.

Step 1: Understanding Labour Law Terminology:
The terms 'lay-off' and 'retrenchment' have specific legal meanings under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and refer to different types of termination of employment.

Step 2: Defining Lay-off and Retrenchment:


Lay-off: This refers to the failure, refusal, or inability of an employer to give employment to a workman whose name is on the muster rolls, due to reasons like shortage of coal, power, raw materials, or breakdown of machinery. It is a temporary situation. The employer-employee relationship does not cease; it is merely suspended. The employee is expected to be recalled to work once the situation normalizes. Therefore, statement (A) is true and statement (C) is false.
Retrenchment: This is defined as the termination by the employer of the service of a workman for any reason whatsoever, otherwise than as a punishment inflicted by way of disciplinary action. It generally happens due to surplus labor or economic reasons. Retrenchment is a permanent termination of the employment contract. Therefore, statement (D) is true and statement (B) is false.

Step 3: Identifying the True Statements:
The true statements are (A) "Lay-off is temporary" and (D) "Retrenchment is permanent".

Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct option is (D), which includes (A) and (D).

Step 1: Analyzing and Matching Each Labour Act with its Enactment Year:


(A) Minimum Wage Act: This Act provides for fixing minimum rates of wages in certain employments. It was enacted in 1948. This matches with (II).
(B) Payment of Gratuity Act: This Act provides for a scheme for the payment of gratuity to employees engaged in factories, mines, oilfields, plantations, ports, railway companies, shops or other establishments. It was enacted in 1972. This matches with (I).
(C) Industrial Dispute Act: This is a key legislation for the investigation and settlement of industrial disputes. It was enacted in 1947. This matches with (IV).
(D) Payment of Wages Act: This Act regulates the payment of wages to certain classes of employed persons. It was enacted in 1936, during the British era. This matches with (III).

Step 2: Forming the Correct Combination:
The correct pairings are: A II, B I, C IV, D III.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Looking at the options, option (B) matches our derived sequence.

Step 1: Understanding the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947:
The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, is the primary legislation in India for the investigation and settlement of industrial disputes. It provides a formal legal framework and establishes various bodies for this purpose.

Step 2: Analyzing the Options:


(A) Labour Court: This is a statutory body established under the Act for adjudicating industrial disputes relating to matters specified in the Second Schedule of the Act (e.g., dismissal of workmen, legality of strikes). So, it is a part of the machinery.
(B) Collective Bargaining: This is a {process} or a {method} of negotiation between employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements to regulate working conditions. While it is a crucial mechanism for preventing and resolving disputes, it is not a formal statutory 'machinery' {created by the Act} in the same way as courts or officers are.
(C) Conciliation Officer: This is an authority appointed under the Act to mediate in and promote the settlement of industrial disputes. So, it is a part of the machinery.
(D) Board of Conciliation: This is a body constituted under the Act, comprising a chairman and two or four other members, to promote the settlement of a dispute. So, it is a part of the machinery.

Step 3: Identifying the Correct Machinery:
The formal machinery established under the Act includes Conciliation Officers, Boards of Conciliation, Courts of Inquiry, Labour Courts, Industrial Tribunals, and National Tribunals. Therefore, (A), (C), and (D) are correct. Collective Bargaining is a process, not a statutory body under the Act.

Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct combination of machinery for settlement of industrial disputes under the Act is (A), (C), and (D). This corresponds to option (C).