Step 1: Understanding Welfare Models:
These are different theoretical approaches to how social welfare should be provided in a society. The question links these models to certain concepts or tools.
Step 2: Analyzing and Matching Each Model:
(A) Residual welfare model: This model views social welfare as a safety net. It comes into play only when the normal structures of supply, the family and the market, break down. It provides a limited range of welfare services to the most needy. This matches with (II).
(B) Institutional welfare model: This model sees welfare services as a normal, 'first line' function of modern industrial society. It is a broader, universal approach. A key tool to fund such a comprehensive system is through income redistribution, achieved via progressive taxation. This matches with (I).
(C) Achievement performance model: Also known as the industrial achievement-performance model, this approach links welfare provisions to merit, work performance, and productivity. Social needs are met on the basis of merit, work performance, and productivity. This is closely related to the idea of incentives and reward. This matches with (IV).
(D) Sustainable development model: This model emphasizes development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. A core principle is the efficient and responsible management of natural and economic capital, i.e., the optimal use of resources. This matches with (III).
Step 3: Forming the Correct Combination:
The correct pairings are: A II, B I, C IV, D III.
Step 4: Final Answer:
Looking at the options, option (B) matches our derived sequence.