Journalism

The Rupee symbol (₹) is based on a combination of Persian and Devanagari scripts. The symbol combines the letter "R" from the Roman alphabet with the Devanagari letter "र" (Ra), representing India's cultural and historical ties. The symbol was officially adopted in 2010.

The 'Mid-Day Meal' Scheme, now known as PM POSHAN (Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman), is implemented by the Ministry of Education, not the Ministry of Women and Child Development. The scheme provides free cooked meals to children in government and government-aided schools, covering students from class 1 to 8. The meals are generally distributed on school days and are not provided during school vacations. The primary objectives are to improve nutritional status and enhance school attendance.

Jawaharlal Nehru wrote "Discovery of India," Maulana Abul Kalam Azad wrote "India Wins Freedom," V.S. Naipaul authored "An Area of Darkness," and Arnold J. Toynbee wrote "A Study of History." Therefore, the correct matching is:
(A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV).

The correct answer is (A), (B), and (D). Shri Rajiv Kumar, Shri Sunil Arora, and Shri O.P. Rawat have all served as Chief Election Commissioners of India. Shri C.P. Agarwal was not a Chief Election Commissioner.

Homai Vyarawalla was a famous photojournalist, Nikhat Zareen is a boxer, Sunita Williams is an astronaut, and Krishna Sobti was a renowned author. Therefore, the correct matching is:
(A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(I).

The ODI World Cup has been won more than once by the following countries:
- India: Won in 1983 and 2011.
- Australia: Won in 1987, 1999, 2003, 2007.
- West Indies: Won in 1975 and 1979.
England won the World Cup only once, in 2019, so the correct answer is (B), (C) and (D) only.

Concept: The inverted pyramid is a widely used structure in news writing.
Step 1: Understanding the structure.}
In this style, the most important information is presented at the beginning of the article.
Step 2: Arrangement of content.}
Details are arranged in decreasing order of importance, with less critical information appearing later.
Step 3: Eliminating other options.}

• Least to most important – Opposite of this style.
• Chronological order – Not necessarily followed.
• Opinions – News writing focuses on facts.

Concept: The title "Father of Indian Journalism" is attributed to the pioneer who started the first newspaper in India.
Step 1: Identifying the pioneer.}
James Augustus Hicky started the first Indian newspaper, Hicky's Bengal Gazette in 1780.
Step 2: Understanding significance.}
His contribution laid the foundation for modern journalism in India.
Step 3: Eliminating other options.}

• Raja Ram Mohan Roy – Social reformer and journalist.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak – Freedom fighter and editor.
• Mahatma Gandhi – Prominent journalist but not the first.