Nature Of Stress

According to the cognitive theory of stress appraisal, Vikas appraises the situation (seeing a person sneezing or coughing) as a Possible Harm. Cognitive appraisal involves evaluating the potential threat or harm posed by a stressor, and in this case, Vikas perceives sneezing or coughing as potentially harmful because of the ongoing pandemic.

Shweta experiences Eustress as she feels motivated and focused while preparing for her presentation, which leads to positive stress that enhances performance. Veena, on the other hand, experiences Distress, as the anxiety and panic caused by the last-minute rush leads to negative stress, affecting her ability to prepare.

Frustration occurs when a person’s efforts to achieve a goal are blocked, creating a sense of stress. It is one of the most common sources of psychological stress.

According to Holmes and Rahe's stressful life events scale, the order of stress levels is as follows: - A. Death of a close family member is considered the most stressful life event, given its significant emotional and psychological impact.
- B. Unexpected accident or trauma also scores high in terms of stress because of the sudden and unexpected nature of the event.
- D. Change in eating habits is a moderate stressor, usually resulting from lifestyle changes or health-related issues.
- C. Appearing for examination is considered a low-stress event in comparison to the others listed here.
Thus, the correct order is A, B, D, C.

Let’s match the terms from List I with the correct definitions from List II:
- A. Assertiveness refers to a skill that helps us communicate clearly, stating our needs and thoughts confidently. This matches with IV in List II.
- B. Time Management refers to the ability to plan and delegate tasks, which helps to relieve pressure. This corresponds to II in List II.
- C. Rational Thinking involves logically analyzing situations, helping us solve problems related to irrational thoughts and beliefs. This matches with I in List II.
- D. Self Care involves practices that help maintain our physical and mental well-being, such as relaxing and staying healthy. This corresponds to III in List II.
Thus, the correct matching is A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV.

The Correct Option is (B): Cognitive effect