The term โinvisible handโ is an economic concept introduced by the famous economist Adam Smith in his book {The Wealth of Nations}. It refers to the unseen market forces that regulate demand and supply in a free market economy without direct government intervention.
According to this concept, individuals in an economy act according to their own self-interest. For example, producers aim to maximize their profits by producing goods and services that are in demand, while consumers try to maximize their satisfaction by purchasing goods at the lowest possible price. Although each individual is acting for personal benefit, their actions unintentionally contribute to the overall welfare of society.
The invisible hand works through the mechanism of demand and supply. When demand for a product increases, prices rise. Higher prices encourage producers to increase production. As supply increases, prices eventually stabilize. Similarly, if demand falls, prices decrease, leading producers to reduce output. In this way, the market automatically adjusts itself without the need for central planning.
Thus, the invisible hand explains how self-regulating market forces guide economic activities, allocate resources efficiently, and promote economic growth in a free market system.