Industrialization refers to the process by which production activities shift from manual labour to machine-based manufacturing. In simple words, it means the mechanization of production.
Before industrialization, most goods were produced by hand in small workshops or homes. Production was slow and limited in quantity. With the introduction of machines, factories were established where large-scale production became possible. Machines replaced human and animal labour, which increased efficiency and speed.
Mechanization of production means using machines, technology, and modern equipment to manufacture goods instead of relying mainly on human effort. This leads to mass production, better quality goods, lower cost of production, and higher economic growth.
Therefore, industrialization is the transformation of an economy from agriculture-based production to machine-based industrial production.