Electromagnetic Waves

To solve the problem, we need to calculate the radiation pressure exerted by electromagnetic radiation of a given intensity on a black surface.

1. Understanding Radiation Pressure:
For a perfectly absorbing (black) surface, the radiation pressure is related to the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation by the formula:

Where:
- is the intensity of the radiation,
- is the speed of light in vacuum,

2. Given Values:
-
-

3. Substituting into the Formula:

Final Answer:
The radiation pressure on the surface is .

Step 1: Power radiated as electromagnetic waves
The total power of the bulb is given as: Since the efficiency of the bulb is , the power converted into electromagnetic radiation is:

Step 2: Intensity of the electromagnetic waves
The intensity ( ) of the electromagnetic radiation at a distance from the source is given by: Substituting the values:

Step 3: Relation between intensity and peak electric field
The intensity of an electromagnetic wave is related to the peak electric field by: where: - , - m/s. Rearranging for : Substituting values: Approximating: Thus, the peak value of the electric field is 12 V/m.

Step 1: Using Einstein’s Mass-Energy Equivalence Formula Einstein’s famous equation relates mass and energy: where:
- ,
- (speed of light in vacuum).

Step 2: Calculating Energy in Joules

Step 3: Converting to MeV Since , we convert: Rounding appropriately, we get: Thus, the correct answer is .