Thermodynamics Terms

For a diatomic gas, the molar heat capacities at constant volume ( ) and constant pressure ( ) are: From the First Law of Thermodynamics: 1. Change in Internal Energy: 2. Work Done: 3. Heat Supplied: Now, taking the ratio: Multiplying by 2 for integer values: Thus, the correct answer is .

The Doppler effect formula for the apparent frequency when the source is moving towards and away from the observer is: where: - m/s (speed of sound), - km/h = m/s (train speed), - is the original frequency. 1. Frequency shift when train approaches: 2. Frequency shift when train recedes: 3. Total percentage change in frequency: Thus, the correct answer is .