United Nations And Its Organisations

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks about the major reforms initiated by the United Nations in 2005 to address contemporary global challenges and enhance its relevance. These decisions were part of the 2005 World Summit Outcome document.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
To mark its 60th anniversary and adapt to the challenges of the 21st century, the UN held a World Summit in 2005. The member states agreed on several key reforms to make the organization more effective:


Creation of the Peacebuilding Commission: This intergovernmental advisory body was established to support peace efforts in countries emerging from conflict. Its goal is to bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and advise on integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery.

Creation of the Human Rights Council: It was decided to replace the highly criticized UN Commission on Human Rights with a new, more effective Human Rights Council. The Council was established in 2006 to be responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe.

Acceptance of the 'Responsibility to Protect' (R2P): Member states formally accepted the principle that each state has the responsibility to protect its populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. If a state fails to do so, the international community has the responsibility to intervene, first diplomatically and, if necessary, with force.

Condemnation of Terrorism: The summit outcome document included a strong and unconditional condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations.

While reform of the Security Council was also a major topic of discussion, no consensus was reached on its expansion.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The main steps decided in 2005 to reform the UN were the establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission and the Human Rights Council, and the adoption of the Responsibility to Protect principle.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks about the roles and responsibilities of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), one of the six principal organs of the UN.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The UN Security Council has the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. Its functions are outlined in the UN Charter and include:


Maintenance of Peace and Security: To investigate any dispute or situation that might lead to international friction.

Peaceful Resolution of Disputes: To recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or terms of settlement.

Enforcement Actions: To take military and non-military action to restore peace. This can include imposing economic sanctions, arms embargoes, financial penalties, and travel bans.

Authorization of Military Force: To authorize the use of force to maintain or restore international peace and security. This is its most powerful tool.

Peacekeeping Operations: To deploy UN peacekeeping missions to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for lasting peace.

Recommending Admission and Appointments: To recommend the admission of new member states to the General Assembly and to recommend the appointment of the Secretary-General.

A key feature of the Security Council is that its decisions (resolutions) are legally binding on all UN member states.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The functions of the Security Council revolve around its core mandate to maintain global peace and security, using methods ranging from diplomatic negotiation and sanctions to the authorization of military intervention.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question tests general knowledge about the national origins of major multinational corporations.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- Samsung: A multinational conglomerate headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul, South Korea. It is one of the world's largest electronics manufacturers.
- LG (Lucky-Goldstar): Another major South Korean multinational conglomerate, also headquartered in Seoul. It specializes in electronics, chemicals, and telecom products.
- Hyundai: A large South Korean multinational conglomerate (chaebol) that was founded in 1947 as a construction company. The Hyundai Motor Company is now one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world.
All three of these globally recognized brands are from South Korea.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Samsung, LG, and Hyundai are all major conglomerates based in South Korea. Therefore, option (B) is the correct answer.