Reproduction In Plants

Double fertilization is a unique feature of angiosperms where one sperm fertilizes the egg forming a zygote, and the other sperm fuses with two polar nuclei forming the endosperm, which nourishes the developing embryo.
- Bryophytes and pteridophytes do not show double fertilization.
- Gymnosperms have single fertilization.

Parthenogenesis is the process where an egg develops into an organism without fertilization. It is a form of asexual reproduction observed in some plants and animals.
- Asexual reproduction includes various modes, but parthenogenesis is specific to egg development without fertilization.
- Apomixis is a similar process but refers to seed formation without fertilization.
- Apocarpy refers to separate carpels in flowers, unrelated to reproduction.