Origin And Evolution Of Earth

All of the listed phenomena (1-6) are responsible for bringing dynamic changes on the surface of the Earth. **Electromagnetic Radiation:** Sunlight drives weather patterns, influences temperatures, and is crucial for plant life (photosynthesis). **Geothermal Energy:** Heat from the Earth's core fuels volcanic activity, drives plate tectonics, and shapes landforms. **Gravitational Force:** The Moon's gravity creates tides in our oceans, influencing coastlines and erosion. **Plate Movements:** The movement of tectonic plates causes mountain formation, earthquakes, and continental drift, constantly reshaping the Earth's surface. **Rotation of the Earth:** Earth's rotation creates day and night cycles, affecting weather patterns and influencing wind and ocean currents. **Revolution of the Earth:** Earth's revolution around the Sun causes seasons, impacting temperatures and weather patterns globally. These forces act together in a complex interplay, constantly sculpting and reshaping the Earth's surface over vast timescales.

**Statement 1 is correct.** The Earth's magnetic field does reverse polarity every few hundred thousand years, on average. **Statement 2 is incorrect.** The early Earth's atmosphere did not have significant oxygen and likely had a lot of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. **Statement 3 is correct.** The rise of photosynthetic organisms like cyanobacteria significantly increased the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere over time. Therefore, the correct answer is (c) 1 and 3 only.