Cyclones

Inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is a region where the northeast and southeast trade winds converge. This convergence results in the uplift of moist air and leads to the formation of cumulonimbus clouds, thunderstorms, and cyclones.  In the South Atlantic and southeastern Pacific regions, the ITCZ seldom occurs. This is because these regions are located in the subtropical high-pressure belt, where the air is descending and dry. As a result, there is very little uplift of moist air, which is necessary for the formation of cyclones. Sea surface temperatures in these regions are warm enough to support the formation of cyclones. The Coriolis force is also strong enough to initiate the rotation of the cyclones. However, without the uplift of moist air in the ITCZ, the formation of cyclones is unlikely.

**Statement 1 is incorrect:** Jet streams occur in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. They are fast-moving air currents found at high altitudes, typically around 10-15 kilometers above the Earth's surface, and exist in both hemispheres. **Statement 2 is correct:** Not all cyclones develop an eye. Only certain strong cyclones, especially intense hurricanes or typhoons, develop a well-defined eye—a calm, low-pressure area at the center of the cyclone surrounded by the strongest winds. **Statement 3 is incorrect:** The temperature in the eye can be several degrees Celsius **warmer** (typically 2–10°C) than the outer regions of the storm. This warmth is due to subsiding (sinking) air in the eye, which compresses and heats up adiabatically. Hence, option C is the correct answer.