Revolution Of Earth

The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees relative to its path around the Sun. This tilt means that different parts of the Earth receive direct sunlight for varying lengths of time throughout the year, leading to seasonal changes in day and night length. Hence, the correct answer is B.

* The summer solstice is the day with the longest period of daylight and the shortest night of the year. It occurs when one of the Earth's poles has its maximum tilt toward the Sun.  * On 21st June, the summer solstice occurs in the Northern Hemisphere. This is the longest day of the year for that hemisphere. * The Arctic Circle, which is in the Northern Hemisphere, experiences continuous daylight throughout this day. This is because the tilt of the Earth's axis is such that the North Pole is facing towards the Sun. * Therefore, the Sun does not set below the horizon at the Arctic Circle on this day.

The longest day of the year in the northern hemisphere, also known as the summer solstice, typically occurs in the second half of the month of June. This is when the sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer, or more specifically right over 23.5-degree north latitude. The exact date can vary slightly from year to year, but it is usually on June 20th or 21st. 

**Statement 1 (Equator) is incorrect**: The Equator experiences exactly 12 hours of daylight throughout the year, as it lies midway between the poles and the sun’s rays fall almost equally throughout the year. **Statement 2 (Tropic of Cancer) is correct**: On June 21 (Summer Solstice), the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, and the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N) receives the direct rays of the Sun. Hence, regions along this latitude experience more than 12 hours of daylight. **Statement 3 (Tropic of Capricorn) is incorrect**: The Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S) lies in the Southern Hemisphere, which is tilted away from the Sun on June 21. Therefore, it experiences less than 12 hours of daylight. **Statement 4 (Arctic Circle) is correct**: On June 21, the Arctic Circle (66.5° N) experiences 24 hours of continuous daylight — known as the Midnight Sun phenomenon. **Therefore, both the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle experience more than 12 hours of daylight on June 21st.** 

Statement I is correct: Satellite data (such as the GRACE mission) has confirmed that the Earth’s rotational axis is drifting and the speed of rotation is slightly changing. Since the late 20th century, this "Polar Drift" has accelerated and shifted direction. Statement II is correct: Solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) release high-energy particles and radiation that impact the Earth's thermosphere and magnetosphere. While this causes geomagnetic storms and affects satellite drag, it has no significant impact on the orientation of the Earth's rotational axis. Statement III is correct: When massive polar ice sheets melt, the resulting water is redistributed. Due to centrifugal force, this water accumulates more near the equator than at the poles. This represents a major surface mass redistribution. The Relationship: Statement III explains Statement I. In physics, when the mass of a rotating sphere is moved from the axis (the poles) toward the perimeter (the equator), the "Moment of Inertia" increases, causing a shift in the axis of rotation and a slight slowing of the rotation speed.