Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

The Rowlatt Act, officially known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, was a legislative measure passed by the British government in India. The primary aim of this act was to curb the rising nationalist sentiment in the country by implementing stringent measures. One of the key features of this act was that it authorized the government to imprison any person suspected of terrorist activities without a trial. This provision allowed for indefinite detention and imprisonment without any need for a trial or conviction in a court of law. Therefore, the Rowlatt Act primarily aimed at imprisonment without trial and summary procedures for trial.

**Statement 1 is correct:** A committee named the 'Sedition Committee' was set up in 1918 by the British Raj, led by Sir Sidney Rowlatt, a British judge. The purpose of this committee was to investigate political activities considered seditious by the British government, particularly in Bengal and Punjab. **Statement 2 is correct:** Gandhi believed the Rowlatt Act, passed based on the committee's recommendations, was unjust. It gave the British authorities broad powers to arrest and detain people suspected of revolutionary activities without trial. While not the primary tool used by Gandhi, Gandhi did attempt to leverage the support and networks of the Home Rule Leagues to mobilize people against the Rowlatt Act. **Statement 3 is incorrect:** Demonstration against the Simon Commission was held in 1928, while the Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919.