Phenols

The process of benzoylation of compounds containing active hydrogen such as phenol, aniline, alcohol etc, with benzoyl chloride in the presence of aqueous is called Schotten-Baumann reaction.

group at o- and position withdraws electrons of the bond towards itself by the stronger effect while the group at -position with draws electrons of the bcnd by the weaker -I effect. Thus, - and - nitrophenols are more acidic than - nitrophenol. Among - and nitrophenols, o- nitrophenol is little less acidic than -nitrophenol due to intramolecular H-bonding which makes loss of a proton little more difficult.

The order of acidity of nitrophenols is
- nitrophenol > - nitrophenol > - nitrophenol

- and - cresol all contain phenolic group, thus they give violet colouration with whereas benzylalcohol and methyl phenyl ether donot contain phenolic group, hence give no colouration with . Hence the pair of compounds which are identifiable by is o-cresol and benzyl alcohol.

More branching results high solubility and low boiling point

In acidic medium, phenol exists in following resonating structures.

Since, positions are electron rich sites, so electrophile will attack on these site, i.e., hydrogen of these sites get exchanged by (deuterium). Hence, the final product of the