Energy Flow Through Ecosystems

Phytoplanktons, diatoms and dinoflagellates are the dominant producers in the world's oceans. Diatoms tend to dominate in Northern waters while dinoflagellates are quite common in sub-tropical and tropical waters

Trophic structure of ecosystem is a type of producer - consumer arrangement, in which each food level is called trophic level and the graphical representation of trophic structure of ecosystem constitutes ecological pyramids. Pyramids of number and biomass may be upright or inverted, depending upon type of ecosystem but pyramid of energy is always upright because energy of producers is always more than primary consumers and so on i.e., energy goes on decreasing as we move towards apex from base.