Chemical Bonding And Molecular Structure

Na has only valency +1 H has valencies +1, 0, -1 Fe has valencies +2, +3 etc.

Sidewise overlap of p- p orbital, results bonds

The magnitude of polarised or increased covalent character depends upon a number of factors. These factors are 1. Small size of cation : Smallest size of cation greater is its covalent character. 2. Large size of anion : Larger the size of anion greater is its covalent character. 3. Large charge on either of the two ions : As the charge on the ion increases, the covalent character increases. Hence, In , due to larger size is more covalent.

The chemical formula of sulphate ion is . bonds lone pair hybridisation and tetrahedral geometry

tetrahedral structure of ion

Since is formed by the sharing of electrons between and , it contains covalent bond.