Food Technology

Biofortification is the process of increasing the nutritional value of food crops through biological methods, such as breeding, genetic modification, or fertilization. The goal is to enhance the levels of essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and amino acids in staple foods that are consumed by large populations. Step 1: Methods of Biofortification.
- Conventional Breeding: This involves selecting and breeding crop varieties that naturally have higher nutrient content. - Genetic Engineering: Involves altering the genetic makeup of crops to increase their nutrient content. - Agronomic Practices: Using specific fertilizers or soil management practices to increase the nutrient uptake by crops.
Step 2: Importance of Biofortification.
- Fighting Malnutrition: It helps address micronutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin A, iron, and zinc, especially in regions where people rely on staple foods with low nutrient content. - Sustainability: Unlike fortification, which adds nutrients after harvest, biofortification naturally enhances the nutritional content of food crops, providing a sustainable solution to malnutrition.
Final Answer: Biofortification is the process of enhancing the nutritional value of food crops through breeding, genetic modification, or agronomic practices, with the aim of combating malnutrition in populations that rely on staple foods.

Germplasm refers to the genetic material of an organism that is passed down through reproduction, containing the hereditary information. Step 1: Understanding germplasm.
- Germplasm consists of DNA from an organism's reproductive cells (sperm and egg) and is the foundation for the genetic makeup of future generations.
Step 2: Importance of germplasm.
- Germplasm is crucial in plant and animal breeding, as it contains genetic diversity that can be used to improve or maintain desirable traits.
Final Answer: Germplasm is the genetic material that is passed on through reproduction, crucial for inheritance and breeding programs.

Step 1: Understand the Yellow Revolution.
The 'Yellow Revolution' refers to the rapid increase in the production of oilseeds, particularly in India. This revolution was largely driven by the Green Revolution's advances in technology and research in the production of crops like mustard and groundnut.
Step 2: Review the options.
- Milk, egg, and fish are not directly related to the Yellow Revolution. These are more relevant to the White Revolution (milk) and other agricultural revolutions. - Oilseeds, on the other hand, are the main focus of the Yellow Revolution in India, particularly the cultivation of crops like mustard, groundnut, and soybeans.
Step 3: Conclude.
The Yellow Revolution is related to oilseeds, making option (D) the correct answer.
Final Answer:

Step 1: Understand pomiculture.
Pomiculture is the branch of horticulture that deals with the cultivation of fruit crops.
Step 2: Review the options.
- Silk is related to sericulture (silk farming), not pomiculture.
- Fruit is the correct answer, as pomiculture focuses on the cultivation of fruit crops.
- Vegetables are part of another branch of agriculture.
- Flowers are related to floriculture, not pomiculture.
Step 3: Conclude.
Pomiculture is related to fruit cultivation, making option (B) the correct answer.
Final Answer: