Romantic Poetry

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks to identify the poet associated with a famous definition of poetry that became a cornerstone of the Romantic movement.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
This specific definition of poetry—"the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquillity"—is one of the most famous statements in English literary criticism. It was written by William Wordsworth in his "Preface to Lyrical Ballads" (1800/1802 edition). [17, 19, 23, 25, 31] This preface served as a manifesto for the new Romantic school of poetry, emphasizing personal experience, emotion, and the language of common people over the formal, classical styles of the 18th century.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The philosophy is ascribed to William Wordsworth, making option (1) the correct answer.