Cyber Security

Step 1: Understanding digital footprint.
A digital footprint is the record of everything we do online, such as websites visited, information provided, and transactions made. It includes both passive and active actions.
Step 2: Evaluating each option.
- Option 1: Digital footprint: This refers to the data trail left behind by our online activity, including visited websites, social media interactions, and online purchases. - Option 2: Cyber crimes: Cyber crimes refer to illegal activities performed using computers or the internet, such as hacking, identity theft, and fraud. It is unrelated to the concept of a data trail. - Option 3: Cyber bullying: Cyber bullying refers to harassment or bullying conducted online. It does not describe a data trail left behind. - Option 4: Identity theft: Identity theft involves stealing someone’s personal information for malicious purposes, such as fraud or impersonation. It is not related to the data trail left online.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct term for the trail of data we leave behind while interacting online is a digital footprint.
Final Answer:

Step 1: Definition of Denial of Service (DoS).
A DoS attack occurs when attackers flood a server, network, or service with excessive requests, exhausting its resources, and making it unavailable to legitimate users.
Step 2: Analyze options.
- Option 1: Snooping → Refers to unauthorized access to private data, not overloading services.
- Option 2: Eavesdropping → Refers to secretly listening to communication, not denying service.
- Option 3: Denial of Service → Correct → Overloading resources with illegitimate requests to prevent access.
- Option 4: Plagiarism → Irrelevant, refers to copying content.

Step 3: Clarification.
A more advanced form is Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), where multiple compromised systems simultaneously attack a single target, making mitigation harder.
Final Answer:

Step 1: Understanding HTTPS.
HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is the secure version of HTTP. It encrypts communication between client (browser) and server.
Step 2: Role of SSL.
To enable HTTPS, websites require an SSL/TLS certificate. This certificate provides encryption and authentication, ensuring secure data transfer.
Step 3: Evaluate options.
- Search Engine Optimization: Improves ranking but not required for HTTPS.
- Digital authenticity: A broad concept, not the technical requirement.
- WWW Certificate: No such specific certificate exists.
- SSL Digital Certificate: Correct, as it establishes HTTPS.

Final Answer: