Agriculture

Shifting cultivation is an agricultural practice where a plot of land is cleared, cultivated for a few years, and then abandoned as fertility declines. There are different terms used across the world to describe this method:

1. Ladang: A term used in Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia and Malaysia, referring to swidden or shifting cultivation.
2. Slash and burn agriculture: A widely known method of shifting cultivation where vegetation is cut down and burned as a method of clearing the land for cultivation.
3. Milpa: A term used in Mesoamerica, notably in Mexico and Central America, that refers to a crop-growing system that is based on the same principles as shifting cultivation.

Analysis of Options:

• (A) Fazendas: Refers to large plantations or estates found in Brazil, typically related to coffee or sugarcane plantations, not shifting cultivation.
• (B) Ladang: Correctly associated with shifting cultivation.
• (C) Slash and burn agriculture: Correctly associated with shifting cultivation.
• (D) Milpa: Correctly associated with shifting cultivation.

Conclusion: The terms correctly and synonymously used for shifting cultivation are (B) Ladang, (C) Slash and burn agriculture, and (D) Milpa. Therefore, the correct answer is: (B), (C) and (D) only

The question requires us to match types of agriculture from List-I with their corresponding major crops from List-II. Let's carefully evaluate the matches:

• Plantation Agriculture: Usually associated with crops such as tea, coffee, or sugarcane that are grown on large estates for commercial purposes. Therefore, it aligns best with II) Sugarcane.
• Extensive Commercial Grain Cultivation: This involves the large-scale cultivation of grain crops like wheat, which are typically grown in spacious areas with the aim for export. Hence, it matches with I) Wheat.
• Mediterranean Agriculture: This type of agriculture is known for growing crops like olives, grapes, and citrus fruits, which thrive in the Mediterranean climate. Consequently, it pairs well with IV) Citrus Fruits.
• Truck Farming: Also known as market gardening, it involves the production of vegetables for sale in local markets. Thus, it corresponds to III) Vegetables.

The correct matching sequence according to the options provided is:

(A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)

To fill in the blank correctly, let's consider the context and options provided. The question asks about 'Boro', 'Aman', and 'Aus'. These terms are related to a particular context within agriculture. Let's examine the given options:

• Tribes which are found in the north-eastern part of India
• Types of folk dance
• Names of rice crops
• Types of cotton crop

'Boro', 'Aman', and 'Aus' are known to be associated with types of rice crops that are grown in different seasons and regions in India. Specifically:

• 'Boro' is a winter season rice crop.
• 'Aman' is a monsoon crop.
• 'Aus' is an early season rice crop.

These names do not correspond to types of tribes, folk dance, or cotton crops. Hence, based on this analysis, the correct option is: Names of rice crops

In the context of intensive subsistence agriculture dominated by wet paddy cultivation, consider the following statements:

1. Land holdings are very small due to the high density of population.
   This statement is correct as intensive subsistence agriculture is typically practiced in regions with high population density, resulting in small land holdings.
2. Farmers work with the help of family labour leading to intensive use of land.
   This statement is also correct because family labour is commonly utilized to maximize the use of available land in subsistence farming systems.
3. Farm yard manure is used to maintain the fertility of the soil.
   This is true as the use of organic materials like farm yard manure helps maintain soil fertility in such agricultural practices.
4. The yield per unit area is low, but productivity per labour is high.
   This statement is incorrect. In intensive subsistence agriculture, especially with wet paddy, the yield per unit area is usually high due to the intensive input and labor utilization, while productivity per labour may not be as high.

The correct statements are (A), (B), and (C).