Pollution

The correct match is:
% Option (A) Air Pollution is caused by the combustion of coal (III),
% Option (B) Water Pollution is caused by effluents from industries (IV),
% Option (C) Land Pollution is caused by the use of pesticides (I),
% Option (D) Noise Pollution is caused by advertising media (II).

The correct option is (C) : A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks to identify the environmental factor that the World Health Organization (WHO) considers the most significant threat to human health globally.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
According to numerous reports and official statements by the World Health Organization, air pollution is the single largest environmental health risk. WHO data indicates that the vast majority of the global population breathes air that exceeds WHO guideline limits, containing high levels of pollutants. Exposure to air pollution (both ambient/outdoor and household/indoor) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, leading to millions of premature deaths each year from noncommunicable diseases such as stroke, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer, as well as acute respiratory infections. While water, noise, and land pollution are also serious health risks, the sheer scale and severity of the impact of air pollution make it the top priority for the WHO.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The World Health Organization identifies air pollution as the world's top environmental health risk.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question requires an assessment of different statements related to the problem of urban waste and its disposal in India.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's analyze each statement:


(A) The environmental pollution due to solid waste is not very significant in urban areas of India due to low level of urbanisation. This statement is incorrect. Pollution from solid waste is a massive problem in urban India. Furthermore, while India's urbanization percentage may be lower than in some developed countries, its absolute urban population is huge, leading to enormous waste generation.
(B) Dumping industrial waste into rivers causes water pollution. This is a correct and factual statement. The discharge of untreated or poorly treated industrial effluents is a primary cause of river pollution.
(C) Solid waste refers to a variety of old and used articles. This is a correct, simple definition. Solid waste (or refuse) includes everyday garbage, discarded appliances, commercial refuse, etc.
(D) Solid waste from industrial units is collected and disposed off on low-lying public grounds. This statement describes a common method of waste disposal in many places, which is landfilling, often in an unscientific manner in low-lying areas or wastelands. While not the only method, it is a prevalent practice and thus a correct description of a real-world scenario.
Statements (B), (C), and (D) are correct descriptions of aspects of urban waste disposal.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The option that includes the correct statements (B), (C), and (D) is the right answer.