Physical Development

Step 1: Understanding Communicable Diseases
Communicable diseases are those that can be transmitted from one individual to another, typically through direct contact, bodily fluids, or through vectors such as insects. These diseases are also known as "transmissible" diseases, as they are capable of being passed on from one person to another.
Step 2: Analyzing the options
- (A) "Epidemics" → This is incorrect. An epidemic refers to the widespread occurrence of a disease in a specific area, not a synonym for communicable diseases.
- (B) "Transmissible" → This is the correct answer. Communicable diseases are also known as transmissible diseases because they can spread from one individual to another.
- (C) "Rodent" → This is incorrect. Rodents are animals that can sometimes act as vectors for communicable diseases, but the term "rodent" is not synonymous with communicable diseases.
- (D) "Contaminated" → This is incorrect. Contaminated refers to something that has been made impure or harmful, but it is not a synonym for communicable diseases.
Step 3: Conclusion
The correct answer is option (B), as communicable diseases are also known as transmissible diseases due to their ability to be transmitted between individuals.

Maximal explosive power is measured using a Dynamometer, which quantifies muscle strength during contraction. This device measures the force exerted during a muscular contraction, hence it is the appropriate tool for measuring maximal explosive power.

Step 1: Swimming and Temperature Guidelines
For optimal comfort and safety during swimming, the water temperature is a critical factor. Various international swimming organizations, including the International Swimming Federation (FINA), recommend a minimum water temperature for competitive swimming.
Step 2: Recommended Minimum Temperature
According to FINA guidelines, the water temperature for swimming competitions should not be less than 27° Centigrade. Below this temperature, swimmers may experience discomfort, which can affect performance and increase the risk of hypothermia.
Step 3: Final Answer
Therefore, the water temperature in swimming should not be less than 27° Centigrade.

Step 1: Understanding NRHM
The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched in India to provide accessible, affordable, and quality health care to rural areas, especially in underserved regions.
Step 2: Special Focus States
While NRHM is operational across the entire country, it has special focus on 18 states in India that are considered to be most in need of health reforms, including issues like high maternal mortality rates and lack of basic healthcare infrastructure.
Step 3: Final Answer
Thus, the correct answer is 18 states.

Step 1: Understanding Power in Physics
In physics, power is defined as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. It tells us how fast a person or machine performs work. The formula for power is: Thus, power relates directly to how quickly work is performed, or how fast energy is used.
Step 2: Evaluating the options
- (A) Speed: This is the correct answer, as power is related to the speed or rate of performing work. - (B) Time: Time is a factor in the calculation of power, but it is not what power directly measures. - (C) Weight: Weight is a force, but it is not related to power. - (D) Capacity: Capacity refers to the ability to do work, but it is not directly measured by power.
Step 3: Final Answer
Thus, power tells one’s speed of performing work.

Step 1: Understanding the terms in List-I
- Hostile Aggression: This is impulsive, emotionally driven aggression aimed at hurting another person physically or psychologically.
- Instrumental Aggression: This is goal-oriented aggression used as a means to an end — for example, using aggressive play in sports to win.
- Intrinsic Motivation: Motivation that comes from internal enjoyment or satisfaction from the activity itself.
- Extrinsic Motivation: Motivation that stems from external rewards such as money, praise, medals, etc.
Step 2: Matching with List-II
- (A) matches with (II): Hostile aggression = causing harm
- (B) matches with (I): Instrumental aggression = used for non-aggressive goals
- (C) matches with (III): Intrinsic motivation = joy and satisfaction
- (D) matches with (IV): Extrinsic motivation = reward or praise
Step 3: Final Answer
Hence, the correct matching is:
(A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)

Step 1: Understanding the Disease Classification
Malaria is caused by a type of protozoan parasite called Plasmodium. This is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. As such, malaria is classified as a protozoal disease.
Step 2: Analyzing the options
- (A) "Fungal" → This is incorrect. Fungal diseases are caused by fungi, but malaria is not a fungal disease.
- (B) "Protozoal" → This is the correct answer. Malaria is caused by protozoans, specifically the Plasmodium species, making it a protozoal disease.
- (C) "Viral" → This is incorrect. Viruses cause viral diseases, but malaria is not caused by a virus.
- (D) "Bacterial" → This is incorrect. Bacteria cause bacterial diseases, but malaria is not a bacterial disease.
Step 3: Conclusion
The correct answer is option (B), as malaria is a protozoal disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite.

Step 1: Understanding Power
Power is defined as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. Mathematically, power is the amount of work done per unit time, but it can also be related to force and velocity.
Step 2: The Correct Formula for Power
The formula for power in terms of force and velocity is given by:
This is because work done ( ) is equal to force ( ) multiplied by distance ( ), and power is the rate of doing work, i.e., , where velocity is the distance per unit time.
Step 3: Final Answer
Thus, the correct mathematical equation with respect to the concept of power is (D) Power = Force x Velocity.

Step 1: Understanding the motivational cycle
The motivational cycle explains how motivation originates, sustains, and ends with satisfaction or reduction of drive. It includes a sequence of psychological stages that form a complete motivational loop. The typical sequence is: 1. Need and Drive – A deficiency or need arises, creating internal tension. 2. Arousal and Goal-Directed Behaviour – The drive leads to actions aimed at achieving a specific goal. 3. Achievement – The individual accomplishes the intended goal, fulfilling the need. 4. Reduction of Arousal – Satisfaction is achieved, and the drive subsides.
Step 2: Matching with options
Let’s arrange the statements according to the correct motivational cycle: - (C) Need and Drive — the beginning of the cycle - (D) Arousal and goal-directed behaviour — the active response to the drive - (B) Achievement — goal is met - (A) Reduction of arousal — tension is reduced after satisfaction
Step 3: Final Answer
The correct chronological order is: (C), (D), (B), (A)

Step 1: Role of insulin hormone
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar (glucose) levels. It helps the body use glucose from food for energy or store it for future use. Insulin is essential for maintaining healthy blood sugar levels.
Step 2: Diseases related to insulin secretion
When the body does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot use insulin effectively, it leads to diabetes. Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels are consistently high.
Step 3: Analyzing each option
- (A) Hypertension: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is not caused by inadequate insulin secretion. It is typically caused by factors such as diet, stress, and genetics.
- (B) Depression: Depression is a mental health disorder, not related to insulin secretion. It is caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, life events, and brain chemistry.
- (C) Diabetes: Diabetes is caused by inadequate secretion or poor functioning of insulin, which leads to high blood sugar levels. This statement is correct.
- (D) Migraine: Migraines are severe headaches that are unrelated to insulin secretion and are typically caused by triggers such as stress, hormonal changes, or certain foods.
Step 4: Final Answer
Therefore, the correct answer is Option (C). Diabetes is caused due to inadequate secretion of the insulin hormone.

Step 1: Understanding the 1500 Meter Race
In competitive swimming, the 1500 meters race is typically held in the freestyle event. The freestyle race is known for being the fastest swimming stroke, and the 1500 meters is one of the longest distances swum in this category.
Step 2: Other Swimming Events
- The Butterfly and Breaststroke events usually involve shorter distances, typically ranging from 50 meters to 400 meters. - Backstroke is also a common event but not typically associated with distances as long as 1500 meters in standard competitions.
Step 3: Final Answer
Therefore, since Ranvir is covering 1500 meters, he is most likely participating in the Free style event.

The term Power describes the rate at which work is done, considering both the speed of movement and the force applied. Power is defined as the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time, and it involves both force and velocity in its calculation.