Body Fluids And Circulation

Step 1: Understand the condition.
High blood sugar levels can indicate a hormonal disorder. Despite a normal body weight, a sedentary lifestyle may contribute to the development of metabolic issues, including insulin resistance.
Step 2: Identify the hormonal disorder.
The condition that Mohit is likely suffering from is {Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus}. This disorder is characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond to insulin effectively. It is commonly associated with a sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits, and genetic factors.

Step 3: Diagnosis and Management.
Type 2 diabetes is typically diagnosed through blood tests measuring fasting blood glucose levels, HbA1c, or oral glucose tolerance tests. Lifestyle changes, including regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and possibly medication, are key to managing this condition.

Step 1: Understanding Assertion (A).
Leukoderma is a skin condition characterized by the loss of pigmentation in certain areas, leading to white patches. It is not the biological term for blood cancer. The correct biological term for blood cancer is leukemia, not leukoderma. Therefore, Assertion (A) is false.
Step 2: Understanding Reason (R).
The reason states that an abnormal increase in the number of WBCs (white blood cells) causes blood cancer. This is partially true, as leukemia (a type of blood cancer) is characterized by the abnormal increase in WBCs. However, the statement is not fully correct, as other factors contribute to blood cancer, and not all cases of abnormal WBC increases lead to leukemia. Therefore, Reason (R) is false.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Since Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is also false, the correct answer is (A) that Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false. Final Answer: (A) (A) is true and (R) is false.

Step 1: Understanding ventricular systole.
During ventricular systole, the ventricles contract, leading to an increase in ventricular pressure. This pressure causes the atrioventricular (AV) valves (P) to close, preventing the backflow of blood into the atria. At the same time, the semilunar valves (Q) open, allowing blood to be ejected from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.

• (A) P - close and Q - open: Correct. During ventricular systole, the AV valves close, and the semilunar valves open, as explained above.
• (B) P - close and Q - close: Incorrect. The semilunar valves should open during ventricular systole.
• (C) P - open and Q - close: Incorrect. The AV valves open only during ventricular diastole.
• (D) P - open and Q - open: Incorrect. The AV valves should be closed during ventricular systole, not open.

Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (A) because during ventricular systole, the AV valves close and the semilunar valves open to allow blood flow from the ventricles. Final Answer: P - close and Q - open.

Step 1: Understanding the blood circulation system.
The circulatory system is divided into two main circuits: the pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, where it gets oxygenated. The systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body tissues.
Step 2: Blood flow through the heart and body.
The correct sequence of blood flow is as follows: 1. Deoxygenated blood enters the Right Atrium from the body tissues. 2. It passes through the Right Ventricle. 3. From the Right Ventricle, the blood is pumped to the Lungs via the pulmonary artery, where it gets oxygenated. 4. The oxygenated blood returns to the Left Atrium via the pulmonary veins. 5. Blood moves into the Left Ventricle, which then pumps oxygenated blood to the body tissues through the aorta.
Step 3: Analyzing the options.

• (A) Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body tissues: Correct. This is the accurate sequence of blood flow through the heart and circulatory system.
• (B) Left Ventricle → Left Atrium → Body tissues → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs: Incorrect. The blood does not go from the Left Ventricle to the Left Atrium before going to the body tissues.
• (C) Left Ventricle → Left Atrium → Lungs → Right Ventricle → Right Atrium → Body tissues: Incorrect. This is not the correct sequence, as blood does not flow from the Left Atrium to the Lungs.
• (D) Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Body tissues → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Lungs: Incorrect. Blood from the Right Ventricle does not go directly to the body tissues; it first goes to the lungs.

Step 4: Conclusion.
The correct sequence of blood flow is given by option (A). Final Answer: Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body tissues.