Human Reproduction

Step 1: Explanation of the sperm structure.
Human sperm are microscopic structures that carry genetic material. The sperm structure includes the head, middle piece, and tail, each with specialized functions.
Step 2: Fill the blanks.
(a) {Acrosome} is the cap-like organelle on the head of the sperm. It contains enzymes like {Hyaluronidase} that help dissolve the outer layer of the ovum to facilitate fertilization.
(b) The enzyme produced by the acrosome is {Hyaluronidase}, which dissolves the outer layer of the ovum during fertilization.
(c) The nucleus of the sperm has {23} chromosomes, which carry the genetic information required for the creation of a new individual.
(d) The middle piece of the sperm contains {Mitochondria} that provide the energy needed for the motility of the sperm, allowing it to swim towards the egg.
(e) {Semen} is a mixture of sperm and the fluids produced by the male accessory glands, which help nourish and protect the sperm during their journey to the egg.

(a) Mention one function of the placenta.
One important function of the placenta is to {facilitate the exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother and the foetus}. The placenta allows oxygen and nutrients, such as glucose, to pass from the mother’s bloodstream to the foetus, and it also removes waste products, such as carbon dioxide, from the foetus to the mother's bloodstream. (b) What connects the placenta to the foetus?
The {umbilical cord} connects the placenta to the foetus. The umbilical cord contains blood vessels that transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and the foetus, ensuring the foetus receives the necessary substances for growth and development.