Municipal Solid Waste Management

Biodegradable wastes are those that can be decomposed by natural organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or other decomposers, into simpler substances over time. From the given list, the two biodegradable wastes are: - Decaying fruits
- Newspapers
- Decaying fruits are organic materials that decompose naturally and can be broken down by microorganisms.
- Newspapers are made of paper, which is biodegradable and decomposes with the help of bacteria and fungi.

Hospital and pathological laboratories generate various types of waste, including biomedical waste, which consists of items like used syringes, gloves, bandages, and contaminated items. These are classified as hazardous due to the potential risk of infection. The waste generated can be categorized into infectious, non-infectious, sharps, chemical, and pharmaceutical waste. Infectious waste includes blood-soaked materials, while sharps include needles and scalpel blades. Proper disposal methods must be used to prevent environmental contamination and public health risks. Waste is typically sterilized, incinerated, or disposed of in landfills, depending on the category and potential hazards.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, launched by the Government of India, is a nationwide campaign aimed at improving sanitation, promoting cleanliness, and managing waste in urban and rural areas. The focus is on eliminating open defecation, cleaning streets, and promoting waste segregation and management. • (A) Increase in deforestation to dump waste: Incorrect. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan does not aim to increase deforestation. It focuses on cleanliness and sanitation, not dumping waste. • (B) Expansion of landfill areas to accommodate more waste: Incorrect. The aim is not to expand landfills but to reduce waste generation and promote recycling. • (C) Improved sanitation and solid waste management: Correct. The main goal of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is to improve sanitation and manage solid waste effectively. • (D) Greater industrial waste production: Incorrect. The campaign seeks to reduce waste production and improve waste management, not increase industrial waste. The correct answer is (C) Improved sanitation and solid waste management. Final Answer: Improved sanitation and solid waste management.

- P (Posters): Posters are a visually engaging method of communication that can be used to spread awareness effectively. They are often placed in public spaces and can catch the attention of the audience.
- Q (Loudspeakers): Loudspeakers, though useful for audio communication, are not visually engaging and thus don't fit the requirement.
- R (Film shows): Film shows are highly engaging, visually captivating, and an effective method to communicate messages about population control.
- S (Street plays): Street plays are a dynamic and visual method of conveying messages. They can involve real-time performances that engage the audience and drive home the message effectively.
Given that the question asks for visually engaging methods, we can eliminate loudspeakers (Q) as they do not fit the visual requirement. Posters (P), film shows (R), and street plays (S) are all effective visual methods for educating the rural audience on population control. Hence, the correct answer is (A). Final Answer: (A) P, R and S.