Intrinsic Semiconductor

In a p-type semiconductor, the majority carriers are holes (which are the absence of electrons), while the minority carriers are electrons.

The p-type semiconductor is created by doping a pure semiconductor (like silicon) with a trivalent impurity (such as boron). The trivalent impurity atom has only three valence electrons, leaving a "hole" in the crystal structure where an electron could be. These holes behave as positive charge carriers, and they are the majority carriers in p-type semiconductors.

The other options are explained as follows:

• Holes are minority carriers: This is incorrect because, in p-type semiconductors, holes are the majority carriers, not the minority carriers.
• The vacancy of an electron is a hole with a negative charge: This is incorrect because a hole is not negatively charged. It is a positive charge carrier.
• The impurity element added is donor type: This is incorrect. Donor-type impurities create n-type semiconductors, where electrons are the majority carriers.
• For every pentavalent impurity atom added, an extra hole is created: This is incorrect because pentavalent impurities (such as phosphorus) are used to create n-type semiconductors, not p-type semiconductors.
• The electron will move from one hole to another hole constituting a flow of current: This is incorrect because the movement of holes represents the flow of current, not the movement of electrons.

Correct Answer:

Correct Answer: (A) Holes are minority carriers