Biological Classification

Answer (a) Polyenes.

Polyene is used as an antibiotic against fungi and is used for the treatment of fungal infection. The most commonly used antifungal purpose is amphotericin B. It is effective for many fungal species. It will bind to the cell membrane of fungi by interacting with ergosterol present in the membrane. This will affect and disturb the integrity of the cell wall thus leading to death.

• The “baker’s yeast,” or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, exhibits both haploid as well as diploid lifecycles according to the environment; hence, it is called to have a haplodiplontic lifestyle.
• However, the diploid phase is more common and occurs during normal conditions.
• HAPLOID PHASE: In this phase, yeast cells reproduce asexually through budding. small bud grows out of the parent cell (haploid), differentiates, leaves the parent cell, and then grows into an individual cell.
• This phase is followed only during stressful conditions.
• DIPLOID PHASE: In this phase, two haploid cells of opposite mating types fuse to form one diploid cell.
• After that, it may go through the process of budding or undergo meiosis to produce 4 haploid spores.

So, the correct option is (C): Haplodiplontic.

It is caused by Erysiphe. Powdery mildew of pea is a fungal disease that affects the pea plant. There will be reduction in the plant health, stunted growth and decreased pea yield. They thrive in humid conditions and moderate temperatures. The leaves that are infected may curl, distort and become yellow that leads to the reduction in the photosynthesis.

So, the correct answer is (A): Erysiphe