Articles Of The Indian Constitution

The exact constitutional status of India on 26th January 1950 was a Sovereign Democratic Republic. - The Constitution of India was adopted on 26th November 1949, but it came into effect on 26th January 1950. - The Preamble of the Constitution, adopted in 1949, defined India as a "Sovereign Democratic Republic." - The terms "Socialist" and "Secular" were added to the Preamble much later, through the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976. Therefore, on 26th January 1950, India wasn't yet classified as "Socialist" or "Secular" in its constitution. 

**Statement 1 is correct.** India follows a single citizenship system, which means that every Indian is a citizen of India, irrespective of the place of his/her residence within the country. The concept of domicile does not exist in the Indian Constitution. **Statement 2 is incorrect.** In India, the Head of State is the President, and as per Article 58 of the Indian Constitution, any person who is a citizen of India and is 35 years of age or above is eligible to become the President. It does not matter whether the person is a citizen by birth or by naturalization. **Statement 3 is also incorrect.** As per the Citizenship Act 1955, the Central Government has the power to deprive a person of his/her citizenship under certain circumstances.

* The Constitution contains the basic principles and laws of a nation that determine the powers and duties of the government. A constitution serves multiple purposes. It provides a legitimate legal and political basis for the Government to propose and enact laws, organising public service and settling disputes. * Although the Constitution determines the objectives (DPSP) for the making of necessary laws and aims to promote social, economic and political democracy, its chief purpose is to limit the power of government. In fact the Constitutional government is by definition limited government.

**Statement I is Correct:** Any change in the Union List alters the distribution of legislative powers and requires ratification by at least half of the State Legislatures. **Statement II is Correct:** Changes affecting the extent of a State’s executive power also need ratification by not less than one-half of the States. **Statement III is Incorrect:** Conditions of the Governor’s office can be amended by Parliament alone and do not require ratification by States.