Right To Constitutional Remedies

The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 was indeed enacted in consonance with the Right to a healthy environment, which is construed as a part of the Right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 does not have any direct relation with the provision of grants for raising the level of administration in the Scheduled Areas for the welfare of Scheduled Tribes under Article 275(1) of the Constitution of India. The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 does not have any direct relation with the powers and functions of Gram Sabha as mentioned under Article 243(A) of the Constitution of India. Hence only statement 1 is correct.

**Statement 1 is correct:** Mandamus is a command issued by the court to a public official asking him to perform his official duties that he has failed or refused to perform. It can also be issued against any public body, a corporation, an inferior court, a tribunal, or a government for the same purpose. It is usually not usable against a private entity unless it is entrusted with a public duty. **Statement 2 is correct:** As explained above, Mandamus can be used against a government corporation and/or company when it is discharging a **"public duty"**, so the statement is incomplete. Public Duty is Key: Mandamus aims to compel performance of a public duty, not just private functions. **Statement 3 is correct:** Quo Warranto is issued by the court to inquire into the legality of the claim of a person to a public office. Hence, it prevents illegal usurpation of public office by a person. Unlike the other writs, this can be sought by any interested person and not necessarily by the aggrieved person. **Note (on Statement 2):** In UPSC Prelims, statements must be judged as written, without adding extra conditions. A company does not become subject to the writ of Mandamus only because it is a Government company. Government ownership by itself is not enough. Since Statement 2 is framed in this limited and absolute sense, and no additional condition like “public duty” is mentioned, the statement is treated as correct.