Plant Tissue Culture

Auxins and cytokinins are two classes of phytohormones (plant growth hormones) that are generally added to plant nutrient media.

Assertion (A): Treating explants with sodium hypochlorite is done in plant tissue culture to sterilize them, and to remove surface pathogens that may be present on plant tissues, preventing microbial contamination during in vitro cultivation. Reason (R): Sodium hypochlorite, although used for sterilisation, is not used for acclimating regenerated plants. Acclimatization involves preparing the plants for transfer to soil, through regulating environmental conditions like humidity. Explanation: The assertion is correct, but the reason is false, making (C) the right choice.

Torpedo stage: Somatic embryos, in the process of creating artificial seeds, are usually encapsulated at the torpedo stage. This stage marks the development of the embryo's axis and cotyledons, which is important for the development of a proper plant. Globular stage: This is an early stage of embryo development before the cotyledons. Cotyledon stage: This is a later stage of development of the embryo when the cotyledons are formed. Triangular stage: This is another intermediate stage of embryo development.