Plant Kingdom

Member of Class Hepaticopsida are commonly known as "liverworts", because the dominant gametophytic plant body has liver like appearance.The gametophyte is dorsiventral either a thallose or foliose structure. On the ventral surface of the thallus there are present unicellular rhizoids which may be smooth walled or tuberculated (.pegged).

Engler and Prantl's system of classification was jointly published in monumental work Die Naturlichen pflanzenfamilien in 1892. It is the first phylogenetic system of classification which includes all the plants from algae to angiosperms arranged in an evolutionary sequence from simplicity to complexity. Their system was based on that of Eichler. The phanerogams were divided into Gymnospermae and Angiospermae.
According to their classification system:
The angiosperms have a polyphyletic origin from some unknown fossil gymnosperm.
- The simplest angiospermic flower consisting of only the essential whorls (without calyx and corolla i.e., naked) is the most primitive one.
- Unisexual flowers are more primitive than the bisexual flowers.
- The gamopetalous corolla has originated from the polypetalous one.

Answer (b) Antheridium