Indian History And Social Science

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the legal term used to refer to a minor (a person under 18) who has committed a criminal act.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:


(1) Orphan: An orphan is a child whose parents are deceased, unknown, or have permanently abandoned them. This refers to their family status, not their legal conduct.
(2) Peer: A peer is a person of the same age, status, or ability as another specified person.
(3) Scouts: A member of the Scout Association, a movement that aims to support young people in their physical, mental, and spiritual development.
(4) Juvenile: In a legal context, a juvenile is a person who has not yet reached the age of majority (usually 18). A "juvenile delinquent" or "child in conflict with the law" is the term for a juvenile who has violated a criminal statute. The term "juvenile" itself is used to refer to this age group within the justice system.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct legal and social term for children under 18 who violate the law is juvenile.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the specific article and clause of the Indian Constitution that provides the fundamental right to equality of opportunity in public employment.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:


Article 16 (1): This clause explicitly states, "There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State." This is the direct provision guaranteeing this right.

Article 22 (1): This article provides protection against arrest and detention. It is not related to employment.

Article 16 (4): This is an enabling provision that allows the State to make reservations for backward classes. It is an exception to the general rule of equality in Article 16(1), not the source of the general guarantee itself.

Article 20 (1): This article provides protection against ex post facto criminal laws. It is not related to employment.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Article 16(1) is the specific constitutional provision that guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.