Indian Literature And Its Contribution To Art

This famous poem is attributed to the renowned poet Kabir Das, who was a prominent figure in the Bhakti movement and is known for his devotional poetry that focused on the oneness of God, rejecting ritualistic practices. The poem speaks of the search for God, emphasizing that God is not found in temples, mosques, or sacred places, but in the heart.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question tests knowledge of famous literary works and philosophical texts and their respective authors.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's establish the correct author for each work listed.
(A) The Three Sermons of Human Nature: This is a well-known work of moral philosophy written by the 18th-century English bishop, theologian, and philosopher, Bishop Joseph Butler. So, (A) matches with (III).
(C) Sultana's Dream: This is a pioneering work of feminist science fiction, written in 1905 by Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hussain, a Bengali Muslim feminist writer and social reformer. So, (C) matches with (I).
(D) Invisible Man: This is a celebrated novel about an African American man whose color renders him invisible, written by American novelist Ralph Ellison and published in 1952. So, (D) matches with (II).
By elimination, we are left with the pair (B) The City and (IV) Daya Pawar. While the most famous sociological work titled "The City" is by Robert Park and Ernest Burgess, and not Dalit writer Daya Pawar (famous for his autobiography "Baluta"), let's check the options based on our confirmed matches.
Our confirmed matches are (A)-(III), (C)-(I), and (D)-(II). Looking at the options, only option (2) contains all three of these correct pairings. This strongly suggests that option (2) is the intended answer, which pairs (B) with (IV).
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct pairings based on the available options are:
- A III
- B IV
- C I
- D II
This set of matches corresponds exactly to option 2.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The "New Farmer's Movements" refers to a wave of farmers' agitations that emerged in India in the late 1970s and 1980s. These movements were distinct from earlier peasant struggles and were primarily led by market-oriented, middle and rich farmers.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's evaluate each statement:
(A) It began in Punjab and Tamil Nadu: This is correct. The movement gained significant momentum with organizations like the Bharatiya Kisan Union (BKU) in Punjab and Western UP, and the Tamilaga Vivasayigal Sangam in Tamil Nadu, as well as the Shetkari Sanghatana in Maharashtra. These were some of the pioneering regions for this new wave of agitations.
(B) It was party oriented: This is incorrect. A defining feature of the New Farmer's Movements was their proclaimed autonomy from political parties. They were consciously non-partisan and often kept politicians away from their platforms, believing that political parties did not adequately represent their interests.
(C) Ideology was anti-state and anti-urban: This is correct. These movements often articulated an ideology that pitted the interests of the agrarian, rural sector ("Bharat") against the industrial, urban sector ("India"). They argued that state policies were biased in favor of the urban-industrial complex at the expense of agriculture.
(D) The focus of demand was price and its related issues: This is correct. The central demands of these movements were economic. They focused on "terms of trade" issues, demanding remunerative prices for agricultural produce, subsidies for inputs (like fertilizer, electricity), waiver of loans, and pensions for farmers.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Statements (A), (C), and (D) are correct characteristics of the New Farmer's Movements, while statement (B) is incorrect. Therefore, the correct option is (3).